Prevalence and Associated Factors to Severe Forms of Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients Received at the Angiography Unit of the Central Hospital of Yaounde
Keywords:
Characteristics, Epidemiology, Diabetic retinopathy, Yaoundé Central HospitalAbstract
Purpose: The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with severe forms of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients received at the angiography unit of the Yaounde Central Hospital (YCH). Problem: Ocular complications have a particular place because of the social impact and the major handicap they cause. Diabetes in Cameroon affects 615,000 people, i.e. an overall prevalence of 6%, and it represents an important cause of blindness. Among the complications related to diabetes, diabetic retinopathy accounts for 2.6% of blindness in the world. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 476 diabetic patients over a three-year period from 2018 to 2020 at the ophthalmology unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital. We retained complete diabetic patient records for the main data collected. Statistical analysis of the results was performed with Epi Info version 7.2.2.6 and Excel 2013 analysis software, with data compared using chi 2 with a threshold of p < 0.05 significant level. Results: The prevalence of DR at the angiography unit was estimated at 75.16%, of which 68.05% was type 2 and 7.10% was type 1. There was a statistically significant association between the duration of diabetes and the presence of DR (p=0.000). The angiographic diagnosis of DR in 359 (75.42%) patients corresponding to 711 (74.84%) eyes, and diabetic macular edema in 196 (41.09%) patients corresponding to 387 (40.73%) eyes. Severe forms of diabetic retinopathy were present in 35.72% of the patients with DR, i.e. in 230 (32.35%) eyes. The risk factors for DR were glycemic control, duration of diabetes and hypertension. Conclusion: Hence the importance of insisting on preventive measures and education of the diabetic patient, within the framework of a global and multidisciplinary management strategy, in order to prevent the untoward complications of ocular damage.
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