Biologically Driven Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles Using Kalanchoe Pinnata Aqueous Leaves Extract for Sustainable Biological Applications
Keywords:
nanoparticles, Kalanchoe Pinnata, antibacterial, fungicidal properties, Cobalt OxideAbstract
The most pressing public health concern is infectious diseases, which calls for the creation of more potent infection control measures. Cobalt is a type of ultra-trace element that is necessary for many organisms' metabolism. Because cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) are good at targeting particular tissues and pathogenic microbes, many researchers are interested in the green production of Co NPs and their uses. This study's objectives are to create and describe CoNPs from Kalanchoe Pinnata leaves and verified by seeing the solution's color shift from yellow to brown, which was verified by spectrophotometric detection of optical density. The synthesized cobalt oxide nanoparticles were examined using UV-visible spectroscopy (UV) (range: 200-800 nm). The amorphous nature was identified using an X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern (XRD) (size: 5 nm) whereas synthetic NPs' spherical or elliptical shape was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM) (size range: 20-30 nm). The FTIR results indicate that hydroxyl group, C=O group and C-O group may function as the reducing agent which involve in synthesis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare and assess the antibacterial and fungicidal properties of CoNPs. The main hypothesis states that the biological activity of CoNPs is determined by the properties of stabilizing agent molecules adsorbed on their surfaces that have comparable size distributions, morphologies, and ion release profiles. A variety of bacterial cell types, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and P. maltophilia, were employed as models. The most pronounced fungicidal effects were noted. The clear zone of clearance at 100 ?g/mL indicates that CoO nanoparticles killed the colonies. It was found that a specific stabilizing agent can be used to modify the selectivity of CoNPs toxicity towards specific pathogens. E. coli was found to be more vulnerable to CoNP exposure than Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and P. maltophilia, regardless of CoNP size and surface.
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